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Before surgery
Fasting and medicines work the same way as for any operation. Open each one to work it out here, without leaving the page.
Carbohydrate drinks before surgery
If you have been given carbohydrate drinks (e.g. DEX), you can take them up to 2 hours before anaesthesia. Some patients are given carbohydrate drinks (for example DEX drinks) by their surgeon's rooms to take before surgery. These are safe to take when used as instructed.
- You may take these drinks up to 2 hours before anaesthesia.
- They count as clear fluids.
- Follow the exact timing instructions given by your surgeon's rooms.
- Do not take them within 2 hours of your anaesthetic.
- If you have diabetes or were given different instructions, follow those instead.
- If unsure, follow the fasting instructions above or contact the anaesthetic rooms.
Pre-operative consultation
You may be contacted by the pre-op nursing team or a peri-operative physician. I may also contact you before surgery to discuss your plan and answer questions.
Anaesthetic plan
Your anaesthetic will usually be a combination of a general anaesthetic and local anaesthetic to provide both safety and comfort. This often includes:
| Part | What it involves |
|---|---|
| Spinal injection | A single injection in the lower back to numb your legs. |
| General anaesthetic (or deep sedation) | You'll be fully asleep or very deeply sedated during surgery. |
| Local anaesthetic infiltration | Your surgeon will inject local anaesthetic around the operation site to help reduce pain. |
This approach ensures effective pain relief after surgery, supported by pain tablets as needed.
After surgery
Your comfort will be reviewed daily by the Acute Pain Service team, who can adjust your medications if needed. Common medications may include:
- Paracetamol (regular simple pain relief).
- Celecoxib (Celebrex) for inflammation (as tolerated, up to 6 weeks).
- Tapentadol (Palexia) sustained release regularly, plus Tapentadol (fast release) as needed for "top-ups".
- Or Targin (Oxycodone/Naloxone sustained release), plus oxycodone (fast release) as needed for "top-ups".
Pain medications
It is recommended you book in with your GP at about 4 weeks after discharge so that you can receive further scripts as required. Ideally you should not require any SR (sustained/slow release) pain killers after 6 weeks and almost certainly beyond 3 months.
Most people find their hip is comfortable at rest, but pain is more noticeable with movement, especially bending and during exercises with the physiotherapist. The goal of your pain management is to keep you mobile, so that you can walk reasonable distances and carry out your normal daily activities. It is common to have some pain at night and disrupted sleep for several months after surgery, though this does gradually improve. Below is a typical pain plan; you can also explore it with the pain relief tool.
Pain medication timeline
| Time after surgery | What usually happens |
|---|---|
| Weeks 1 and 2 | Regular Paracetamol and Celecoxib. Tapentadol (or Targin) sustained release (SR) twice daily. Tapentadol (or oxycodone) immediate release (IR) as needed for extra pain, especially after physiotherapy. |
| Weeks 3 and 4 | Gradual reduction in Tapentadol (or Targin) sustained release (SR). Continue Paracetamol and Celecoxib. Use Tapentadol (or oxycodone) immediate release (IR) only if required. |
| Weeks 5 and 6 | Aim to reduce Tapentadol (or Targin) sustained release (SR) to night-time only, then stop. Use Tapentadol (or oxycodone) immediate release (IR) occasionally if needed. Goal is to stop all strong opioid pain medicines by week 6. If pain is ongoing, consult your GP or surgeon. |
| Week 7 onwards | Opioids should be stopped as soon as your pain allows, ideally within 6 weeks and always by 3 months, to avoid long-term problems such as dependence or chronic pain. |
Celecoxib after joint replacement
Using celecoxib (Celebrex) for a few weeks after your hip or knee replacement is a common part of pain management. In appropriately selected patients, it has been shown to be safe with a very low risk of serious side effects.
What the research shows
- Stomach and bowel (GI) bleeding: Very uncommon - well under 1% risk.
- Heart attack or stroke: Extremely rare - far less than 1% over 6 weeks in patients without existing heart disease.
- Kidney problems: Uncommon - around 1% or less, usually avoidable by staying well hydrated and keeping the course short.
- Wound healing and infection: Celecoxib does not appear to hinder healing or increase infection risk after surgery.
What this means for you
For most patients, a 6-week course of celecoxib:
- Provides effective pain relief.
- Reduces the need for stronger painkillers.
- Carries only a very small chance of serious complications (GI, heart, kidney, or wound-related).
Waterworks (passing urine)
- After surgery, numbness may make it difficult to feel when your bladder is full.
- This usually returns to normal within hours.
- Around 10% of patients have some difficulty passing urine at first.
- An ultrasound may be used to check your bladder. In some cases, a catheter may be needed temporarily.
Sleep
Sleep disturbance is common after hip replacement and may last for weeks. Adequate night-time pain relief is important, and problems may involve difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Options that may help include:
- Optimise your regular analgesia - keep taking paracetamol and any other pain killer medicines (if appropriate) so there are no gaps in pain relief overnight.
- For sleep initiation (falling asleep): Melatonin (immediate release) 1-3 mg taken 30-60 minutes before bed. This aligns your body clock but has little effect on night-time awakenings.
- For sleep maintenance (staying asleep): Pregabalin 25-50 mg at night. This dampens nerve-related pain, reduces nocturnal pain flares and increases slow-wave sleep. Use 25 mg in older adults (above age 75) or if there is kidney impairment. Clonidine 25-75 micrograms at night. This suppresses night-time sympathetic surges and can help if you wake with a racing heart or agitation. Start with 25 micrograms and increase only with medical supervision, watching for low blood pressure.
Discuss these options with your GP if sleep remains difficult. Treatment should target the underlying causes of disturbed sleep, such as poorly controlled pain and autonomic overactivity, rather than just circadian timing.
Anaesthetic risks
Anaesthesia is very safe, but like any medical procedure, risks can occur.
- Common (5-25%): Nausea, sore throat, dizziness, urinary difficulty, sleep disturbance.
- Uncommon (<5%): Severe pain immediately after surgery, confusion, hallucinations, dental injury, eye irritation, blood clots.
- Rare (<1%): Airway emergency, aspiration of stomach contents, severe allergic reaction, permanent nerve injury, infection or bleeding at block sites, heart attack or stroke, fat embolism.
Death directly related to anaesthesia is extremely rare (about 1 in 60,000).